1. Jean Joseph Dhuy
Alternate spellings: Jean Joseph Dhuy (PBC 1818; EPM 1848); Jean D'hay (PNY 1856); J. J. Dhuy (DIC 1856); Jean J. Dhuy (GLO 1856); Jno. Dewi (USC 1860); Jean Dhuy (WD 1864, 1865, 1870, 1887; AKC 1895); Jean Dehui/Dehue (WC 1865); John Dehui (USC-population 1870); Jean D'Hui (USC-agriculture 1870); Jean Dehuy (WD 1873); Jean D'huy (MTG 1873; son's CMC 1879); Jean D'Huy (TLC 1875; WD 1886); John Dhauy (WC 1875); J.D. Huy (MKC 1876); John D'huy (TLC 1879); John Dhuy (WD 1879; MTG 1879; son's WMC 1900); John Duie (USC 1880); Jean D Huy (QCD 1880); John J. Dhuey (daughter's WMC 1884); John D. Hui (WC 1885); John D'Huy (son's CMC 1885); Jean Dhuy Sr. (WD 1887); John Dhuy Sr. (WC 1895); John Dhuey (USC 1900); John Dhug/Dlmg (WC 1905); John Dhney, Sr. (AR 13 Aug. 1909); John Dhuey Sr. (USC 1910; KE 17 March 1911); John B. Dhuey (WDC 1911; SPT); Jean Dhuy (EEL 1986).1
Born: 8 March 1818 (PBC 1818).2
Birthplace: Ernage, Belgium (PBC 1818; EPM 1848).3
Father: Pierre Nicolas Joseph Dhuy (PBC 1818; EPM 1848).4 Father's birthplace: Ernage, Belgium (father's PBC 1775; PBC 1818); Belgium (USC 1880, 1900; WDC 1911); Belgium &emdash; French (USC 1910).
Mother: Anne Marie Romain/Romin (PBC 1818; EPM 1848).
Mother's birthplace: Ernage, Belgium (mother's PBC 1781; PBC 1818); Belgium (USC 1880, 1900; WDC 1911); Belgium &emdash; French (USC 1910).
Occupation: Farmer (EPM 1848; PNY 1856; USC 1860, 1870, 1880); knifemaker (sons' PBC 1849, 1853; daughter's PBC 1851); retired farmer (WC 1905; WDC 1911); none (USC 1910).5
Married: 14 June 1848 (EPM 1848)
Place: Ernage, Belgium (EPM 1848).
Wife: Marie Francoise Bouffioux.
Port of departure: Antwerp, Belgium (PNY 1856).6
Passage: The Sea Lark, U.S.A. registration (PNY 1856).
Port of entry: New York (PNY 1856; DIC 1856; EEL 1986; Harris Dhuey 1989).7
Date of entry: 27 March 1856 (PNY 1856); March 1856 (DIC 1856); 1855 (USC 1900); " � accompanied that large exodus of sturdy Belgium emigrants who arrived and settled in this town in the early days of 1856" (AR 13 Aug. 1909); "� came to America in early part of 1855, settling in [Lincoln township] in the spring of that year" (KE 17 March 1911); 1856 (EEL 1986).8
Citizenship status: Naturalized (USC 1900).9
Literacy: Could not read or write (USC 1870, 1880, 1910; LWT 1889); could read and write (USC 1900).10
Land (see p. 97 for maps): Purchased E 1/2 of NE 1/4 of Sec. 19, Town 25 N, Range 24 E (80 acres of Sec. 19, Lincoln township, Kewaunee Co.) from the U.S. General Land Office at Menasha, Wis., for $60, on 19 April 1856 (GLO 1856).11
Bought SW 1/4 of NE 1/4 of Sec. 18, Lincoln township, Kewaunee Co. (40 acres) for $100 on 27 June 1864 (WD 1864). Sold same for $150 on 26 July 1865 (WD 1865).
Sold SE of NW 1/4 of Sec. 19, Lincoln township, Kewaunee Co. (40 acres) for $300 on 30 August 1870 (WD 1882).12
Bought NE 1/4 of SE 1/4 of Sec. 19, and NW 1/4 of of SW 1/4 of Sec. 20, Lincoln township, Kewaunee Co. (80 acres) for $600 on 24 February 1873 (WD 1873). Mortgaged same for $400 on 24 February 1873 (MTG 1873). Sold same to son Philippe for $1,000 on 16 June 1879 (WD 1879). Philippe mortgaged same to his parents for $1000 on 16 June 1879 (MTG 1879). Bought same back from Philippe for $1,000 on 6 July 1880 (QCD 1880).
Sold NE 1/4 of SE 1/4 of Sec. 19, Lincoln township, Kewaunee Co. (40 acres) to son Ferdinand on 13 October 1886, on the condition that Ferdinand not sell or mortgage it during his parents' lives, and that if Ferdinand died the land would become the property of Ferdinand's children (WD 1886). Resold same to Ferdinand for $900 on 25 July 1887 with no conditions attached (WD 1886).
Sold NE 1/4 of NE 1/4 of Sec. 19, Lincoln township, Kewaunee Co. (40 acres) to son John for $600 on 25 July 1887 (WD 1887).
Sold NW 1/4 of SW 1/4 of Sec. 20, Lincoln township, Kewaunee Co. (40 acres) to daughter Clara, of Door Co., for $900 on 25 July 1887 (WD 1887).
Residence: Ernage, Belgium (PBC 1818; EPM 1848; sons' PBC 1849, 1853); Ahnapee township, Kewaunee Co., Wis. (USC 1860)13; Lincoln township, Kewaunee Co., Wis. (USC 1870, 1880, 1900, 1910; WC 1905).
Legal: Never the plaintiff or defendant in any law suit, civil or criminal, in Kewaunee Co. Wis. (KCC).
Died: 10 March 1911 (WDC 1911).
Place of death: Lincoln township, Kewaunee Co., Wis. (WDC 1911); "�at his home in [Lincoln township]" (KE 17 March 1911).
Cause of death: Senility, heart failure (WDC 1911).
Burial: St. Peter's Catholic Cemetery, Lincoln township, Kewaunee Co., Wis. (WDC 1911; SPT).
Will: Jean Joseph and Marie Francoise bequeathed all real estate and personal property to their son John, provided he pay $50 each to his brothers Ferdinand and Philippe upon their parents' death (LWT 1889).
Eulogy: "Honest John Dhuey was among those who bore their lot bravely and fearlessly and kept plying the ax to the forest until it succumbed to model farms, his hospitality was magnanimous, no weary traveler who applied for food or shelter has ever been known to have been turneth away from his door, the best in the house was always at their disposal, and as a neighbor has always been kind and generous" (KE 17 March 1911).
"Jean Joseph" is pronounced "zhän zho-SEF."
2 Between 28 March 1818 and 27 March 1819 (PNY 1856); 1819 (DIC 1856); between 1 June 1822 and 31 May 1823 (USC 1860); between 1 June 1818 and 31 May 1819 (USC 1870); between 1 June 1815 and 31 May 1816 (USC 1880); March 1817 (USC 1900); between 1 June 1817 and 31 May 1818 (WC 1905); between 15 April 1816 and 14 April 1817 (USC 1910); 8 March 1815 (WDC 1911); 8 March 1816 (KE 17 March 1911); between 11 March 1814 and 10 March 1815 (SPT).
3 Belgium (DIC 1856; USC 1860, 1870, 1880, 1900; WDC 1911); Belgium &emdash; French (USC 1910); Emages [Ernage?], Oanton [Canton?] of Dejan Clous [de Gembloux?], Debraran [de Brabant?], Belgium (KE 17 March 1911); Ernage, Belgium (EEL 1986).
Today the village of Ernage is in the commune of Gembloux, province of Namur.
4 John Dhuey (WDC 1911).
5 It would not be unusual in that region and time for Jean Joseph to be both a knifemaker and a farmer, depending on what season it was. Mary Ann Defnet, et al., From Grez-Doiceau to Wisconsin (Brussels: De Boeck Universté, 1986), p. 13.
A story related by John J. Dhuey to his grandson Harris Dhuey was that Jean was a knifemaker in the old country, and when he came to New York he was told he could practice his trade successfully there, but he chose instead to live with his people in Wisconsin.
6 The Dhuys were among the first 22 families to leave Ernage for the United States in 1855-56. The Francois Guillaume family were the Dhuy's neighbors in both Ernage and Wisconsin (EEL 1986).
7 The destination listed for the Dhuy family on the ship's passenger list was New York.
8 The names of Jean and Marie Francoise do not appear in The Antwerp Emigration Index, a catalog of all of the passenger ships which left Antwerp, Belgium in 1855; which suggests they left Belgium in early 1856. Passage to the U.S. usually took from four to six weeks. Charles M. Hall and Heritage International, The Antwerp Emigration Index (Salt Lake City: Heritage International, 1979).
9 He declared his intention for citizenship in the Brown County (Wis.) Circuit Court on 18 April 1856. The granting of citizenship would normally occur when he made his final application two to six years later, but there is no record in Brown or Kewaunee of his subsequent naturalization. If Jean had become naturalized, his foreign-born children under 16 would have automatically become U.S. citizens with him; yet his son Philippe is still an "Alien" in the 1900 U.S. Census.
10 Literacy was defined by the U.S. census as the ability to read or write in any language. Sometimes Jean's signature appears on documents, sometimes only his mark "X." He signed his will in 1889 with only an "X."
11 The patent (the equivalent of a title or warranty deed) was issued to Jean on 22 February 1858. Public land law required settlers to prove they were living on and cultivating the land before they received the patent. Thomas Corwin Donaldson, The Public Domain: Its History, With Statistics. (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1881), p. 291.
12 I have not been able to find evidence of how or when Jean Joseph acquired this particular tract of land, although it must have been in October 1865 or later.
13 Lincoln township was formed in 1862 from part of Ahnapee township.
Marie Francoise (née Bouffioux) Dhuy
Alternate spellings: Marie Francoise Bouffioux (ECB 1823; EPM 1848); Marie D'hay (PNY 1856); Mary Dewi (USC 1860); Marie Francoise Dhuy (WD 1865, 1887); Francoise Dehui (USC 1870); Francis Dhuy (WD 1870); Marie F. Dehuy (WD 1873); Marie F. D'huy (MTG 1873); Maria F. Dhuy (WD 1879; MTG 1879); Marie D'huy (son's CMC 1880); Frances Duie (USC 1880); Francoise D Huy (QCD 1880); Mary F. (née Bouffion) Dhuey (daughter's WMC 1884); Francisca (née Boufioux) D. Huy (son's CMC 1885); Francoise D'Huy (WD 1886); Mary Francois Dhuy (WD 1887; LWT 1889); Frances Dhuey (USC 1900); Mary Francis (née Bouffiau) Dhuy (son's CMC 1900); Frances (née Bouffioux) Dhery (WDC 1905); Francoise Dhuey (SPT); M. Fr. (née Bouffioux) Dhuy (EEL 1986).1
Born: 25 September 1823 (ECB 1823).
Birthplace: Ernage, Belgium (ECB 1823); Belgium (USC 1860, 1870, 1880, 1900; WDC 1905).
Parents: Philippe and Marie Joseph (Falque) Bouffioux (EPM 1848).
Parents' birthplace: Belgium/Belgium (parents' EPM 1807; USC 1880, 1900; WDC 1905).
Emigration and immigration: See husband Jean Joseph above.
Occupation: Housekeeper (EPM 1848; sons' ECB 1849, 1853; daughter's ECB 1851; USC 1870, 1880; WDC 1905); farmer (PNY 1856); wife (USC 1860).
Literacy: Could not read or write (USC 1870, 1880; LWT 1889); could read and write (USC 1900).3
Legal: Never the plaintiff or defendant in any criminal or civil law suit in Kewaunee Co., Wis. (KCC).
Date of death: 21 March 1905 (WDC 1905).
Place of death: Lincoln township, Kewaunee Co., Wis. (WDC 1905).
Cause of death: Old age, heart failure (WDC 1905).
Burial: St. Peter's Catholic Cemetery, Lincoln township, Kewaunee Co., Wis. (WDC 1905; SPT).
Will: See husband Jean Joseph above.
2 A sad story, related to Harris Dhuey by his grandfather John, is that when Marie Francoise's son Jean Baptiste died aboard ship during passage, she kept him wrapped in a blanket for three days and pretended to feed him, in an unsuccessful attempt to get him a burial on land in America and not at sea.
3 Literacy was defined by the U.S. census as the ability to read or write in any language. On all of the land documents to which she and Jean are grantors, and on their will, she uses only an "X" as her mark.
Children of Jean Joseph and Marie Francoise (née Bouffioux) Dhuy:
2. i. Philippe Joseph (WMC 1880; parent's LWT 1889; WDC 1909).
ii. Anais (ECB 1851) [female] [Pronounced: a-NY-ees]
Born: 27 April 1851, Ernage, Belgium (ECB 1851).
Died: 5 November 1851, Ernage, Belgium (ECD 1851).
iii. Jean Baptiste (ECB 1853; PNY 1856)
Born: 8 March 1853, Ernage, Belgium (ECB 1853).
Died: Before 27 March 1856, on board the Sea Lark between Antwerp and New York City (PNY 1856).
3. iv. Ferdinand Joseph (USC 1880; WMC 1885; parents' LWT 1889; KE 17 March 1911).
v. Clara (USC 1880; WMC 1884; KE 17 March 1911).
[Also known as "Clarisse."]
Born: Between 1 June 1861 and 31 May 1862 (USC 1880); May 1860 (USC 1900), between 1 June 1860 and 31 May 1861 (WC 1905; USC 1910 [Door Co.]), 10 May 1861, Lincoln township, Kewaunee Co., Wis. (ARH 7 Feb. 1941).
Married: Victor Coisman (USC 1900, 1910 [Door Co.]; WC 1905; KE 17 March 1911); Victor Coismen (WMC 1884); 4 December 1884, Lincoln township, Kewaunee Co., Wis. (WMC 1884).
Died: 21 January 1941, Lincoln township, Kewaunee Co., Wis. (WDC); at her daughter's home in Rosiere, Lincoln township, Kewaunee Co., Wis. (ARH 7 Feb. 1941).
4. vi. John Joseph (USC 1880; WMC 1900; KE 17 March 1911).